Today’s complete Scripture study
Romans 15:5–13 (nine verses) and Galatians 6:1–10 (ten verses): 19 complete verses. Both assignments are New Testament passages, so today’s source language is Koine Greek. Hebrew is not retrofitted to Paul’s Greek letters.
Shared Bible base: SBLGNT, Michael W. Holmes, editor. Copyright 2010 Society of Biblical Literature and Logos Bible Software. CC BY 4.0. Source, license and disclaimer. Source revision: c4d241a9c1c479a55b989ba35a4976c1d0b8052c; accessed October 15, 2026. Apparatus markers are omitted from reading display but retained in reusable source records; source wording is retained. English/Tagalog translations and learning notes are original Working Review drafts.
Reading guide: Greek and transliteration read left-to-right. ē/ō mark long vowels; rough breathing is h; γ before γ/κ/χ/ξ is transliterated n; υ is y except in au/eu/ou. Iota subscripts are represented by i. Accents are omitted in transliteration. The lower-case sound line is a simplified classroom aid, not a precise reconstruction of ancient pronunciation: ē/ei ≈ ay, ō ≈ oh, ou/y ≈ oo, ai ≈ eye, oi ≈ oy, ph ≈ f, ch ≈ kh. These conventions do not claim all historical Greek dialects sounded alike.
Textual care: Old Testament quotations inside Romans are displayed as Paul’s SBLGNT Greek. BHS/BHQ and Rahlfs–Hanhart have not been newly collated for those quotations; no label-only change is made to past studies. Unresolved source comparisons remain Scholarly review needed.
Romans 15:5–13
Exact publisher source revisionRomans 15:5ὁ δὲ θεὸς τῆς ὑπομονῆς καὶ τῆς παρακλήσεως δῴη ὑμῖν τὸ αὐτὸ φρονεῖν ἐν ἀλλήλοις κατὰ Χριστὸν Ἰησοῦν,
Scholarly transliteration: ho de theos tēs hypomonēs kai tēs paraklēseōs dōiē hymin to auto phronein en allēlois kata Christon Iēsoun,
Simplified pronunciation aid: ho de theos tays hoopomonays keye tays paraklayseohs dohiay hoomin to ah-ooto fronayn en allayloys kata khriston iaysoon,
English Working Review: May the God who gives endurance and encouragement grant you a shared attitude toward one another in keeping with Christ Jesus.
Tagalog Working Review: Ipagkaloob nawa sa inyo ng Diyos na nagbibigay ng pagtitiis at pagpapalakas-loob ang iisang pag-iisip sa pakikitungo sa isa’t isa ayon kay Cristo Jesus.
Vocabulary: ὑπομονῆς — hypomonēs — endurance; παρακλήσεως — paraklēseōs — encouragement.
Grammar: δῴη is an aorist optative expressing a prayer or wish; φρονεῖν is the infinitive describing the shared outlook.
Textual / translation note: Harmony is measured by Christ, rather than by uniform personal preferences.
Romans 15:6ἵνα ὁμοθυμαδὸν ἐν ἑνὶ στόματι δοξάζητε τὸν θεὸν καὶ πατέρα τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ.
Scholarly transliteration: hina homothymadon en heni stomati doxazēte ton theon kai patera tou kyriou hēmōn Iēsou Christou.
Simplified pronunciation aid: hina homothoomadon en heni stomati doxazayte ton theon keye patera too koorioo haymohn iaysoo khristoo.
English Working Review: Then, with one purpose and one voice, you may glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ.
Tagalog Working Review: Sa gayon, nang may iisang layunin at iisang tinig, maluwalhati ninyo ang Diyos at Ama ng ating Panginoong Jesu-Cristo.
Vocabulary: ὁμοθυμαδόν — homothymadon — with one accord; στόματι — stomati — mouth/voice.
Grammar: ἵνα introduces the purpose of the prayer in verse 5; δοξάζητε is present subjunctive.
Textual / translation note: One mouth pictures united worship, not the erasure of differences.
Romans 15:7Διὸ προσλαμβάνεσθε ἀλλήλους, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς προσελάβετο ὑμᾶς, εἰς δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ.
Scholarly transliteration: Dio proslambanesthe allēlous, kathōs kai ho Christos proselabeto hymas, eis doxan tou theou.
Simplified pronunciation aid: dio proslambanesthe allayloos, kathohs keye ho khristos proselabeto hoomas, ays doxan too theoo.
English Working Review: Therefore welcome one another, just as Christ also welcomed you, to the glory of God.
Tagalog Working Review: Kaya tanggapin ninyo ang isa’t isa, gaya rin ng pagtanggap sa inyo ni Cristo, sa ikaluluwalhati ng Diyos.
Vocabulary: προσλαμβάνεσθε — proslambanesthe — welcome/receive; δόξαν — doxan — glory.
Grammar: The present imperative προσλαμβάνεσθε addresses the whole community; καθὼς introduces Christ’s example.
Textual / translation note: The displayed SBLGNT reads ὑμᾶς (you); the source marks variation at this word. No independent manuscript collation is claimed.
Romans 15:8λέγω γὰρ Χριστὸν διάκονον γεγενῆσθαι περιτομῆς ὑπὲρ ἀληθείας θεοῦ, εἰς τὸ βεβαιῶσαι τὰς ἐπαγγελίας τῶν πατέρων,
Scholarly transliteration: legō gar Christon diakonon gegenēsthai peritomēs hyper alētheias theou, eis to bebaiōsai tas epangelias tōn paterōn,
Simplified pronunciation aid: legoh gar khriston diakonon gegenaystheye peritomays hooper alaythayas theoo, ays to bebeyeohseye tas epangelias tohn paterohn,
English Working Review: For I say that Christ has become a servant of the circumcised on behalf of God’s truth, to confirm the promises made to the ancestors,
Tagalog Working Review: Sapagkat sinasabi kong si Cristo ay naging lingkod ng mga tuli upang ipakita ang katapatan ng Diyos at pagtibayin ang mga pangako sa mga ninuno,
Vocabulary: διάκονον — diakonon — servant; ἐπαγγελίας — epangelias — promises.
Grammar: The perfect infinitive γεγενῆσθαι follows λέγω; εἰς τὸ βεβαιῶσαι expresses purpose.
Textual / translation note: Circumcision here identifies the Jewish people; God’s truth includes his faithfulness to his promises.
Romans 15:9τὰ δὲ ἔθνη ὑπὲρ ἐλέους δοξάσαι τὸν θεόν· καθὼς γέγραπται· Διὰ τοῦτο ἐξομολογήσομαί σοι ἐν ἔθνεσι, καὶ τῷ ὀνόματί σου ψαλῶ.
Scholarly transliteration: ta de ethnē hyper eleous doxasai ton theon· kathōs gegraptai· Dia touto exomologēsomai soi en ethnesi, kai tōi onomati sou psalō.
Simplified pronunciation aid: ta de ethnay hooper eleoos doxaseye ton theon· kathohs gegrapteye· dia tooto exomologaysomeye soy en ethnesi, keye tohi onomati soo psaloh.
English Working Review: and so that the nations might glorify God for mercy, as it is written: “For this reason I will praise you among the nations, and sing to your name.”
Tagalog Working Review: at upang luwalhatiin ng mga bansa ang Diyos dahil sa kanyang habag, gaya ng nasusulat: “Dahil dito, pupurihin kita sa gitna ng mga bansa, at aawit ako sa iyong pangalan.”
Vocabulary: ἔθνη — ethnē — nations/Gentiles; ἐλέους — eleous — mercy.
Grammar: δοξάσαι is an aorist infinitive continuing the argument; γέγραπται is perfect passive, introducing Scripture.
Textual / translation note: The citation corresponds to Psalm 18:49 (LXX Psalm 17:50) and 2 Samuel 22:50. The displayed text is Paul’s Greek citation, not a separate Hebrew or Rahlfs–Hanhart collation.
Romans 15:10καὶ πάλιν λέγει· Εὐφράνθητε, ἔθνη, μετὰ τοῦ λαοῦ αὐτοῦ.
Scholarly transliteration: kai palin legei· Euphranthēte, ethnē, meta tou laou autou.
Simplified pronunciation aid: keye palin legay· eh-oofranthayte, ethnay, meta too laoo ah-ootoo.
English Working Review: And again it says: “Rejoice, nations, with his people.”
Tagalog Working Review: At muli ay sinasabi: “Magalak kayo, mga bansa, kasama ng kanyang bayan.”
Vocabulary: Εὐφράνθητε — Euphranthēte — rejoice; λαοῦ — laou — people.
Grammar: Εὐφράνθητε is an aorist passive-form imperative used with the sense rejoice.
Textual / translation note: Paul cites Deuteronomy 32:43 in its Greek scriptural tradition. Detailed MT–LXX comparison remains Scholarly review needed.
Romans 15:11καὶ πάλιν· Αἰνεῖτε, πάντα τὰ ἔθνη, τὸν κύριον, καὶ ἐπαινεσάτωσαν αὐτὸν πάντες οἱ λαοί.
Scholarly transliteration: kai palin· Aineite, panta ta ethnē, ton kyrion, kai epainesatōsan auton pantes hoi laoi.
Simplified pronunciation aid: keye palin· eyenayte, panta ta ethnay, ton koorion, keye epeyenesatohsan ah-ooton pantes hoy laoy.
English Working Review: And again: “Praise the Lord, all you nations, and let all the peoples praise him.”
Tagalog Working Review: At muli: “Purihin ninyo ang Panginoon, lahat ng mga bansa, at purihin nawa siya ng lahat ng mga bayan.”
Vocabulary: Αἰνεῖτε — Aineite — praise; λαοί — laoi — peoples.
Grammar: Αἰνεῖτε is a second-person plural imperative; ἐπαινεσάτωσαν is a third-person plural imperative.
Textual / translation note: Citation: Psalm 117:1 (LXX Psalm 116:1). SBLGNT’s marked word order is retained; this is not an independent edition of the Psalm.
Romans 15:12καὶ πάλιν Ἠσαΐας λέγει· Ἔσται ἡ ῥίζα τοῦ Ἰεσσαί, καὶ ὁ ἀνιστάμενος ἄρχειν ἐθνῶν· ἐπʼ αὐτῷ ἔθνη ἐλπιοῦσιν.
Scholarly transliteration: kai palin Ēsaias legei· Estai hē rhiza tou Iessai, kai ho anistamenos archein ethnōn· epʼ autōi ethnē elpiousin.
Simplified pronunciation aid: keye palin ayseyeas legay· esteye hay rhiza too iesseye, keye ho anistamenos arkhayn ethnohn· epʼ ah-ootohi ethnay elpioosin.
English Working Review: And again Isaiah says: “The root of Jesse will come, the one who rises to rule the nations; in him the nations will hope.”
Tagalog Working Review: At muli ay sinasabi ni Isaias: “Darating ang ugat ni Jesse, ang babangon upang mamuno sa mga bansa; sa kanya aasa ang mga bansa.”
Vocabulary: ῥίζα — rhiza — root; ἐλπιοῦσιν — elpiousin — they will hope.
Grammar: ὁ ἀνιστάμενος is a substantival present participle; ἄρχειν is an infinitive describing rule.
Textual / translation note: Paul’s Greek citation is from Isaiah 11:10. Root is preserved as the scriptural image. No claim that BHS/BHQ or Rahlfs–Hanhart was collated here.
Romans 15:13ὁ δὲ θεὸς τῆς ἐλπίδος πληρώσαι ὑμᾶς πάσης χαρᾶς καὶ εἰρήνης ἐν τῷ πιστεύειν, εἰς τὸ περισσεύειν ὑμᾶς ἐν τῇ ἐλπίδι ἐν δυνάμει πνεύματος ἁγίου.
Scholarly transliteration: ho de theos tēs elpidos plērōsai hymas pasēs charas kai eirēnēs en tōi pisteuein, eis to perisseuein hymas en tēi elpidi en dynamei pneumatos hagiou.
Simplified pronunciation aid: ho de theos tays elpidos playrohseye hoomas pasays kharas keye ayraynays en tohi pisteh-ooayn, ays to perisseh-ooayn hoomas en tayi elpidi en doonamay pneh-oomatos hagioo.
English Working Review: May the God of hope fill you with every joy and peace as you trust, so that you overflow with hope through the power of the Holy Spirit.
Tagalog Working Review: Puspusin nawa kayo ng Diyos ng pag-asa ng buong kagalakan at kapayapaan habang nagtitiwala kayo, upang mag-umapaw ang inyong pag-asa sa kapangyarihan ng Espiritu Santo.
Vocabulary: ἐλπίδος — elpidos — hope; εἰρήνης — eirēnēs — peace.
Grammar: πληρώσαι is an aorist optative prayer; ἐν τῷ πιστεύειν uses an articular infinitive.
Textual / translation note: Hope is located in God and the Spirit’s power; the verse does not promise the absence of hardship.
Galatians 6:1–10
Exact publisher source revisionGalatians 6:1Ἀδελφοί, ἐὰν καὶ προλημφθῇ ἄνθρωπος ἔν τινι παραπτώματι, ὑμεῖς οἱ πνευματικοὶ καταρτίζετε τὸν τοιοῦτον ἐν πνεύματι πραΰτητος, σκοπῶν σεαυτόν, μὴ καὶ σὺ πειρασθῇς.
Scholarly transliteration: Adelphoi, ean kai prolēmphthēi anthrōpos en tini paraptōmati, hymeis hoi pneumatikoi katartizete ton toiouton en pneumati prautētos, skopōn seauton, mē kai sy peirasthēis.
Simplified pronunciation aid: adelfoy, ean keye prolaymfthayi anthrohpos en tini paraptohmati, hoomays hoy pneh-oomatikoy katartizete ton toyooton en pneh-oomati prah-ootaytos, skopohn seah-ooton, may keye soo payrasthayis.
English Working Review: Brothers and sisters, even if someone is overtaken in a wrongdoing, you who are spiritual should restore that person in a spirit of gentleness, watching yourself so that you too are not tempted.
Tagalog Working Review: Mga kapatid, kung may isang taong mahuli sa isang pagkakasala, kayong mga pinapatnubayan ng Espiritu ay magpanumbalik sa kanya nang may kahinahunan. Bantayan mo ang iyong sarili upang hindi ka rin matukso.
Vocabulary: καταρτίζετε — katartizete — restore/set right; πραΰτητος — prautētos — gentleness.
Grammar: The address is plural, but σκοπῶν σεαυτόν turns to the individual’s self-watchfulness.
Textual / translation note: Spiritual correction aims at restoration; gentleness does not mean concealing harm or avoiding accountability.
Galatians 6:2ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε, καὶ οὕτως ἀναπληρώσετε τὸν νόμον τοῦ Χριστοῦ.
Scholarly transliteration: allēlōn ta barē bastazete, kai houtōs anaplērōsete ton nomon tou Christou.
Simplified pronunciation aid: allaylohn ta baray bastazete, keye hootohs anaplayrohsete ton nomon too khristoo.
English Working Review: Carry one another’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.
Tagalog Working Review: Pasanin ninyo ang mga pasanin ng isa’t isa, at sa ganitong paraan ay matutupad ninyo ang kautusan ni Cristo.
Vocabulary: βάρη — barē — burdens; βαστάζετε — bastazete — carry/bear.
Grammar: βαστάζετε is a present imperative; SBLGNT’s ἀναπληρώσετε is future indicative, you will fulfill.
Textual / translation note: The source marks a variant at ἀναπληρώσετε. The future is retained rather than silently replacing it with an imperative.
Galatians 6:3εἰ γὰρ δοκεῖ τις εἶναί τι μηδὲν ὤν, φρεναπατᾷ ἑαυτόν·
Scholarly transliteration: ei gar dokei tis einai ti mēden ōn, phrenapatai heauton·
Simplified pronunciation aid: ay gar dokay tis ayneye ti mayden ohn, frenapateye heah-ooton·
English Working Review: For if someone thinks they are something while being nothing, they deceive themselves.
Tagalog Working Review: Sapagkat kung iniisip ng isang tao na siya ay mahalaga gayong wala naman siyang maipagmalaki, dinadaya niya ang kanyang sarili.
Vocabulary: φρεναπατᾷ — phrenapata — deceives; ἑαυτόν — heauton — himself.
Grammar: εἰ introduces the condition; μηδὲν ὤν is a participial phrase, being nothing.
Textual / translation note: Paul confronts inflated self-estimation. This is not a denial of a person’s God-given worth.
Galatians 6:4τὸ δὲ ἔργον ἑαυτοῦ δοκιμαζέτω ἕκαστος, καὶ τότε εἰς ἑαυτὸν μόνον τὸ καύχημα ἕξει καὶ οὐκ εἰς τὸν ἕτερον,
Scholarly transliteration: to de ergon heautou dokimazetō hekastos, kai tote eis heauton monon to kauchēma hexei kai ouk eis ton heteron,
Simplified pronunciation aid: to de ergon heah-ootoo dokimazetoh hekastos, keye tote ays heah-ooton monon to kah-ookhayma hexay keye ook ays ton heteron,
English Working Review: Let each person examine their own work; then they will have grounds for satisfaction in relation to themselves alone, rather than in comparison with someone else.
Tagalog Working Review: Suriin ng bawat isa ang sarili niyang gawain. Kung gayon, magkakaroon siya ng dahilan upang masiyahan sa sarili niyang ginawa, sa halip na ihambing ang sarili sa iba.
Vocabulary: δοκιμαζέτω — dokimazetō — let one examine; καύχημα — kauchēma — ground for boasting.
Grammar: δοκιμαζέτω is a third-person singular imperative; ἕξει is future.
Textual / translation note: Ground for boasting is rendered as satisfaction in tested work; the context rejects superiority through comparison.
Galatians 6:5ἕκαστος γὰρ τὸ ἴδιον φορτίον βαστάσει.
Scholarly transliteration: hekastos gar to idion phortion bastasei.
Simplified pronunciation aid: hekastos gar to idion fortion bastasay.
English Working Review: For each person will carry their own load.
Tagalog Working Review: Sapagkat papasanin ng bawat isa ang sarili niyang dalahin.
Vocabulary: φορτίον — phortion — load; ἴδιον — idion — one’s own.
Grammar: βαστάσει is future indicative, will carry.
Textual / translation note: Verse 2’s shared burdens and verse 5’s personal responsibility belong together. Different nouns do not by themselves establish a rigid heavy/light distinction.
Galatians 6:6Κοινωνείτω δὲ ὁ κατηχούμενος τὸν λόγον τῷ κατηχοῦντι ἐν πᾶσιν ἀγαθοῖς.
Scholarly transliteration: Koinōneitō de ho katēchoumenos ton logon tōi katēchounti en pasin agathois.
Simplified pronunciation aid: koynohnaytoh de ho kataykhoomenos ton logon tohi kataykhoonti en pasin agathoys.
English Working Review: Let the one being taught the word share all good things with the one who teaches.
Tagalog Working Review: Magbahagi ng lahat ng mabubuting bagay ang tinuturuan ng salita sa nagtuturo sa kanya.
Vocabulary: Κοινωνείτω — Koinōneitō — let one share; κατηχούμενος — katēchoumenos — one being taught.
Grammar: Κοινωνείτω is an imperative; the paired participles identify learner and teacher.
Textual / translation note: All good things includes practical support; the sentence does not specify a fixed fee or percentage.
Galatians 6:7μὴ πλανᾶσθε, θεὸς οὐ μυκτηρίζεται· ὃ γὰρ ἐὰν σπείρῃ ἄνθρωπος, τοῦτο καὶ θερίσει·
Scholarly transliteration: mē planasthe, theos ou myktērizetai· ho gar ean speirēi anthrōpos, touto kai therisei·
Simplified pronunciation aid: may planasthe, theos oo mooktayrizeteye· ho gar ean spayrayi anthrohpos, tooto keye therisay·
English Working Review: Do not be misled: God is not mocked. Whatever a person sows, that is what they will also reap.
Tagalog Working Review: Huwag kayong malinlang: hindi malilibak ang Diyos. Anumang ihasik ng isang tao, iyon din ang kanyang aanihin.
Vocabulary: πλανᾶσθε — planasthe — be misled; σπείρῃ — speirē — sows; θερίσει — therisei — will reap.
Grammar: ὃ ... ἐὰν with the subjunctive forms an indefinite relative clause, whatever one sows.
Textual / translation note: The sowing image concerns moral and spiritual life, not a guaranteed financial return for donations.
Galatians 6:8ὅτι ὁ σπείρων εἰς τὴν σάρκα ἑαυτοῦ ἐκ τῆς σαρκὸς θερίσει φθοράν, ὁ δὲ σπείρων εἰς τὸ πνεῦμα ἐκ τοῦ πνεύματος θερίσει ζωὴν αἰώνιον.
Scholarly transliteration: hoti ho speirōn eis tēn sarka heautou ek tēs sarkos therisei phthoran, ho de speirōn eis to pneuma ek tou pneumatos therisei zōēn aiōnion.
Simplified pronunciation aid: hoti ho spayrohn ays tayn sarka heah-ootoo ek tays sarkos therisay fthoran, ho de spayrohn ays to pneh-ooma ek too pneh-oomatos therisay zohayn eyeohnion.
English Working Review: The one who sows to their own flesh will reap decay from the flesh, but the one who sows to the Spirit will reap eternal life from the Spirit.
Tagalog Working Review: Ang naghahasik para sa sarili niyang laman ay aani ng pagkasira mula sa laman; ngunit ang naghahasik para sa Espiritu ay aani ng buhay na walang hanggan mula sa Espiritu.
Vocabulary: σάρκα — sarka — flesh; φθοράν — phthoran — decay/corruption; ζωὴν — zōēn — life.
Grammar: Two substantival participles, ὁ σπείρων, set contrasting patterns of life beside one another.
Textual / translation note: Flesh in this argument concerns life oriented away from God; it should not be reduced to the physical body being evil.
Galatians 6:9τὸ δὲ καλὸν ποιοῦντες μὴ ἐγκακῶμεν, καιρῷ γὰρ ἰδίῳ θερίσομεν μὴ ἐκλυόμενοι.
Scholarly transliteration: to de kalon poiountes mē enkakōmen, kairōi gar idiōi therisomen mē eklyomenoi.
Simplified pronunciation aid: to de kalon poyoontes may enkakohmen, keyerohi gar idiohi therisomen may eklooomenoy.
English Working Review: Let us not lose heart in doing what is good, for at the proper time we will reap, if we do not give up.
Tagalog Working Review: Huwag tayong manghina sa paggawa ng mabuti, sapagkat sa tamang panahon ay aani tayo kung hindi tayo susuko.
Vocabulary: καλόν — kalon — good; ἐγκακῶμεν — enkakōmen — lose heart; ἐκλυόμενοι — eklyomenoi — giving up.
Grammar: μὴ ἐγκακῶμεν is a negative exhortation using the subjunctive; μὴ ἐκλυόμενοι qualifies the promised harvest.
Textual / translation note: Perseverance is not a command to ignore exhaustion, danger or the need for help. Exact historical pronunciation remains a study aid, not a recovered recording.
Galatians 6:10ἄρα οὖν ὡς καιρὸν ἔχομεν, ἐργαζώμεθα τὸ ἀγαθὸν πρὸς πάντας, μάλιστα δὲ πρὸς τοὺς οἰκείους τῆς πίστεως.
Scholarly transliteration: ara oun hōs kairon echomen, ergazōmetha to agathon pros pantas, malista de pros tous oikeious tēs pisteōs.
Simplified pronunciation aid: ara oon hohs keyeron ekhomen, ergazohmetha to agathon pros pantas, malista de pros toos oykayoos tays pisteohs.
English Working Review: So then, as we have opportunity, let us work for the good of everyone, especially those who belong to the household of faith.
Tagalog Working Review: Kaya habang may pagkakataon tayo, gumawa tayo ng mabuti para sa lahat, lalo na sa mga kabilang sa sambahayan ng pananampalataya.
Vocabulary: καιρόν — kairon — opportunity/season; οἰκείους — oikeious — household members.
Grammar: ἐργαζώμεθα is a hortatory subjunctive; μάλιστα adds especially, without removing everyone.
Textual / translation note: Special responsibility toward fellow believers does not cancel doing good toward all people.